17.1
Support healthier urban development
Several objectives and implementation measures in this Plan aim to ensure a healthier environment in Montréal. The planning approach described in Chapter 1 supports the densification of built form to maximize the use of existing infrastructure and offer services close to residential areas. The City seeks to both increase the use of public transportation and reduce the use of automobiles (see Objective 3). In addition, the Plan aims to protect and enhance natural elements (see Objective 16) and implement the Politique de l’arbre (Tree Policy, see Objective 11). Other measures support urban form and building design that promote greater energy efficiency, along with high-quality architecture that is ecologically sound (see Objectives 11 and 12).
Current practices give a great deal of space to paved areas such as parking lots, some very wide roadways or tarred roofs. The concentration of these paved surfaces increases the ambient temperature and creates what are known as heat islands. During heat waves, the combined effects of smog and heat islands create health risks for children and those with cardiovascular diseases or respiratory problems.
Significantly large impermeable asphalt-covered surfaces increase the volume of runoff flowing to the sewer network, which in turn increases the quantity of water to be treated. This runoff picks up dust, de-icing salt and oil residue found on the surface of parking lots and roads. Consequently, the Ville de Montréal will encourage a reduction in the total area of paved surfaces and take action to counter the effects of heat islands, which are found in greater concentrations in industrial and commercial areas.
Various measures may be considered, such as tree planting and partially or completely “greening” the roofs of commercial, industrial and public buildings. Embellishing the City with rich vegetation benefits the urban environment while beautifying it. Other advantages include the absorption of pollutants, the capture of dust and the absorption and retention of rainwater, which reduces the quantity of rain in storm sewers. Green roofs absorb heat, helping to reduce the temperature of the urban environment during the summer and contribute to energy efficiency by reducing the use of airconditioners; and so on.
